What is a Bone Marrow or Blood Stem Cell Transplant?

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A bone marrow or blood stem cell transplant is a medical procedure that replaces damaged or destroyed bone marrow with healthy bone marrow. Bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside your bones that produces blood cells. Blood cells are essential for life, and they include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.   

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There are two main types of bone marrow transplants such as Autologous bone marrow transplant: This type of transplant uses your own bone marrow. It is typically used to treat cancers such as lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Allogeneic bone marrow transplant: This type of transplant uses bone marrow from a donor. It is typically used to treat conditions such as leukemia, aplastic anemia, and sickle cell anemia.   

Bone marrow transplants are a complex and risky procedure. However, they can be life-saving for people with certain diseases.   

• Infection: Bone marrow transplant recipients are at increased risk of infection because their immune system is weakened.   

• Bleeding: Bone marrow transplant recipients may experience bleeding due to low platelet counts.   

• Anemia: Bone marrow transplant recipients may develop anemia due to a lack of red blood cells.   

• Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD): This is a condition that can occur after an allogeneic bone marrow transplant. It happens when the donor's immune cells attack the recipient's tissues. GVHD can cause a variety of symptoms, including skin rash, diarrhea, and liver damage.   

• Death: In rare cases, bone marrow transplant can lead to death.   

The decision of whether or not to have a bone marrow transplant is a complex one. It is important to weigh the risks and benefits carefully with your doctor.

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