What types of cancer can CAR-T cell therapy treat?

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CAR-T is chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. The therapy has proved to be successful in certain blood cancers. Now, scientists are looking for ways to apply the treatment to solid tumors. As of now, CAR-T cell therapy is only approved for use in hematologic cancers, and the research going on for other cancers is encouraging.

CAR-T therapy has been very successful in the treatment of relapsed or refractory ALL, especially in children and young adults. The therapy works by targeting the CD19 protein present on the surface of leukemia cells, which leads to their destruction by the modified T-cells. Though it is more challenging, CAR-T therapy has also been used to treat CLL, especially in patients whose disease has not responded to other treatments.

Specifically, CAR-T therapy has proven to be very effective in the treatment of aggressive forms of NHL, including DLBCL. DLBCL is a type of lymphoma that often does not respond to chemotherapy; thus, CAR-T has emerged as a potential treatment for relapsed or refractory cases.

Multiple myeloma is another form of cancer in plasma cells, residing in the bone marrow, where CAR-T cell therapy is now being used; it attacks BCMA, B-cell maturation antigen protein that is on the myeloma cell, and this is an area of very exciting early results.

Research is still being conducted to expand CAR-T therapy to solid tumors, including lung cancer, breast cancer, and glioblastoma. However, the difficulties in targeting tumor cells and overcoming the solid tumor microenvironment have limited its success so far. However, clinical trials are being conducted to explore the potential of CAR-T for these cancers.

CAR-T therapy is approved for some hematologic cancers, and research is ongoing to apply it to a wider range of cancers.

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